Who invented bacteria wikipedia

Beth Brown died young, too. She was a prominent NASA astrophysicist. Brown moved from astronomy research into data archival work and public outreach. At the time of her death, she was about to take on a new position — Assistant Director for Science Communications and Higher Education.

You can find out more about her life and work — including photos from childhood — in this tribute video. The tribute video is by the National Society of Black Physicists. Shavers was a chemist who moved into solid state chemistry and then to Silicon Valley.

She became an expert in semiconductors among other things, with a stint as Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology:. She also came a long way from a tough neighborhood: she decided on chemistry after being fascinated by forensic science when police were investigating the murder of a sex worker in her street.

The Wikipedia page has been corrected. She was a nurse, who was the first African-American board member of the National League for Nursing in Audrey F. Manley was almost an orphan in Wikipedia: her photo was there, but almost nothing else.

Manley was born Audrey Forbes in in Jackson, Mississippi. She was the eldest of three daughters in a tenant farming family, picking cotton at age 9. She became a pediatrician, then studied sickle cell disease. If the measure of achievement is a combination of your legacy and how far you come from where you started, moderated by the odds stacked against you, then one of the greatest African-American achievers in STEM is Angie Turner King. In the meantime, you can see a photo of her here.

King was another grandchild of slaves. She was born in in a segregated coal-mining community in West Virginia. Her mother died when she was eight; her father died in a coal-mining accident not long after. Later she got to live with her other grandfather, and go to school. She waited tables and dishwash-ed her way to a Bachelor of Science, cum laude, in mathematics and chemistry.

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A safer, cleaner environment for patients and staff Learn more. A safer, cleaner learning environment Learn more. A safer, cleaner office environment Learn more. The evolution of epidemic influenza. Prangishvili, D. Viruses of the Archaea: A unifying view. Nature Reviews Microbiology 4 , — doi Raoult, D. Redefining viruses: Lessons from mimivirus. Nature Reviews Microbiology 6 , — doi The 1. Science , — doi Villarreal, L. A hypothesis for DNA viruses as the origin of eukaryotic replication proteins.

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The Mystery of Vitamin C. Wessner, Ph. Citation: Wessner, D. Nature Education 3 9 How did viruses evolve? Are they a streamlined form of something that existed long ago, or an ultimate culmination of smaller genetic elements joined together? Aa Aa Aa. The Basics of Viruses. Are Viruses Alive? Figure 1. Where Did Viruses Come From? The Progressive Hypothesis. Figure 3. Figure Detail. Figure 2. The Regressive Hypothesis. The Virus-First Hypothesis. Figure 4. References and Recommended Reading Andersson, S.

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