While it can be found in a variety of forms, including tablets or capsules, it is usually sold as a liquid or powder. PCP can be snorted, smoked, injected, or swallowed.
It is sometimes smoked after being sprinkled on marijuana, tobacco, or parsley. Ketamine is a dissociative currently used as an anesthetic for humans as well as animals.
Much of the ketamine sold on the street has been diverted from veterinary offices. Although it is manufactured as an injectable liquid, ketamine is generally evaporated to form a powder that is snorted or compressed into pills for illicit use. Because ketamine is odorless and tasteless and has amnesia-inducing properties, it is sometimes added to drinks to facilitate sexual assault.
DXM Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant and expectorant ingredient in some over-the-counter OTC cold and cough medications that are often abused by adolescents and young adults. In large enough doses, psilocybin can produce effects very similar to the powerful hallucinogen LSD. They are normally eaten, mixed with food, or brewed like tea for drinking. Scientists are not sure exactly how hallucinogens and dissociative drugs produce their effects on the user.
However, classic hallucinogens are thought to affect neural circuits in the brain involving the neurotransmitter serotonin, and dissociative drugs cause their effects by primarily disrupting the actions of the brain's glutamate system. The regions of the brain that are affected by hallucinogens control mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body temperature, sexual behavior, and muscle control, the NIDA says.
Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Updated April Levy S, Weitzman ER. Acute mental health symptoms in adolescent marijuana users.
JAMA Pediatr. Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs. Updated February Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellMind.
At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. The effects of hallucinogens depend on the type of drug, the strength of the dose, the functioning of the person taking them and their state of mind. Generally, some of the common effects of hallucinogens include:.
Hallucinogens are unpredictable drugs. Symptoms can include nightmarish hallucinations, extreme panic, paranoia and nausea. It is also possible to have a mixture of good and bad experiences in the one trip. Other unpleasant side effects can include:. Like many other drugs, it is possible to build up a tolerance to hallucinogens. This means larger and larger doses need to be taken to achieve the same effect. Some people develop a psychological dependence and feel that regular drug use is an important part of their lives.
Research indicates that people can become physically dependent on hallucinogens like PCP or ketamine. If a person stops taking the drug, they may experience withdrawal symptoms. They briefly relive the hallucinations of a previous trip so powerfully that it seems as if they have been transported back in time and space, or they may experience distortions of their present reality.
Having hallucinations when not under the influence of any hallucinogenic drugs can be very frightening. Treatment for drug dependence Treatment options for drug dependence include detoxification, individual counselling and group therapy. See your doctor for information and referral, or contact an alcohol and other drug service in your area.
This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Asking for help when you first suspect you have an alcohol or drug problem is important. Flashbacks usually subside on their own after the drug use has been discontinued, over the course of a few months, and most experts agree about the importance of abstaining from drug use for recovery. A mental health professional can help to treat the anxiety that can accompany flashbacks, giving the person more of a sense of self-control.
If the person has no insight into the drug-induced nature of their symptoms or if these experiences persist or cause significant distress, however, they should seek a psychiatric assessment to determine if there is another mental health issue involved, such as psychosis. Anti-seizure and epilepsy medicines like Klonopin clonazepam and Lamictal lamotrigine have been used in the treatment of HPPD, however, there is no recognized medical treatment for flashbacks.
Other drugs that have been studied in the treatment of HPPD include:. Having a flashback can be distressing, but calming or self-soothing activities like deep breathing , grounding techniques, and mindfulness can ease the psychological discomfort and help you to stay in the moment. It's also important to learn your triggers so you can do your best to avoid them and better manage them when they do occur.
For example, if stress is a trigger for you, work on practicing stress management. If fatigue is a trigger, take steps to get adequate sleep and rest when you need to. Whether you turn to a loved one or a mental health professional, know that you don't have to deal with HPPD and drug-related flashbacks alone. Getting help and seeking support is a great first step toward overcoming the disturbing and frequent visual disturbances of HPPD.
Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association, Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder: Etiology, clinical features, and therapeutic perspectives. Brain Sci. Hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol.
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